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Images of 'X Radius' found, 76

Roentgen or X-rays Discovered in 1895, 1900s (chromolitho)
Artist view of Cygnus X-1 - Cygnus X-1 is a binary star X and was the first black hole candidate. This system consists of the 226868 HD star, a supergeant star, orbiting around a black hole. A stellar black hole is born from the gravitational collapse of a massive star. The stellar black holes have a mass of some solar masses. A black hole is a region of space whose gravitation is so strong that it will prevent any form of material or radiation from escaping. Cygnus X-1 is an X-ray binary system and the first black hole candidates to be discovered
Galactic Center Region - The Galactic Center - The Galactic Center Region of the center of our galaxy seen the Chandra, Spitzer and Hubble satellites. The galactic center (Sagittarius A*) is located in the white area in the middle to the right of the image. In yellow, near-infrared images obtained by the Hubble Space Telescope; in red, infrared images obtained by the Spitzer Space Telescope; in blue and purple, X-ray observations obtained by the Chandra Space Telescope. Nasa's Great Observatories - the Hubble Space Telescope, the Spitzer Space Telescope, and the Chandra X-ray Observatory - have collaborated to produce an unprecedented image of the central region of our Milky Way galaxy. In this spectacular image, observations using infrared light and X-ray light see through the obscuring dust and reveal the intense activity near the galactic core. Note that the center of the galaxy is located within the bright white region to the right of and just below the middle of the image. The entire image width covers about one-half a degree, about the same angular width as the full moon. Each telescope's contribution is presented in a different color: - Yellow represents the near-infrared observations of Hubble. These observations outline the energetic regions where stars are being born as well as reveal hundreds of thousands of stars. - Red represents the infrared observations of Spitzer. The radiation and winds from stars create glowing dust clouds that exhibit complex structures from compact, spherical globules to long, stringy filaments. - Blue and violet represent the X-ray observations of Chandra. X-rays are emitted by gas heated to millions of degrees by stellar explosions and by outflows from the supermassive black hole in the galaxy's center. The bright blue blob on the left side is emission from a double star system containing either a neutron star or a black hole. When these views are brought together, this composite image provides one of the most detailed
Andromede galaxy (M31) seen in X and infrared - Andromeda galaxy infrared and X - Ray composite - Andromede spiral galaxy seen in X-ray (blue) by the XMM - Newton space telescope and in infrared (orange) by the Herschel space telescope. This mosaic of the Andromeda spiral galaxy highlights explosive stars in its interior, and cooler, dusty stars forming in its many rings. The image is a combination of observations from the Herschel Space Observatory taken in infrared light (seen in orange hues), and the XMM - Newton telescope captured in X - rays (seen in blues). Herschel provides a detailed look at the cool clouds of star birth that line the galaxy's five concentric rings. Massive young stars are heating blankets of dust that surround them, causing them to glow in the longer - wavelength infrared light, known as far - infrared, that Herschel sees. In contrast, XMM - Newton is capturing what happens at the end of the lives of massive stars. It shows the high - energy X - rays that come from, among other objects, supernova explosions and massive dead stars rotating around companions. These X - ray sources are clustered in the center of the galaxy, where the most massive stars tend to form. Andromeda is our Milky Way galaxy's nearest large neighbor. It is located about 2.5 million light - years away and holds up to an estimated trillion stars. Our Milky Way is thought to contain about 200 billion to 400 billion stars
Jet of the Galaxy Centaurus A (NGC 5128) seen in X-rays - Galaxy Centaurus A X - ray jet - View in false colours of a 30 000-year long jet - light that escapes from the nucleus of the Galaxy Centaurus A where a massive black hole is suspected. The galaxy NGC 5128 is located about 13 million light years away from Earth. Image obtained by the Chandra Space Telescope in May 2000. Chandra space telescope detects a jet emanating from the NGC 5128 core and numerous point - like X - ray sources, all bathed in diffuse X - rays produced by several - million - degree gas that fills the galaxy. It is believed that most of these sources are X - ray binaries in which a neutron star or stellar - sized black hole is accreting matter from a nearby companion star. The Cen A image was created from Chandra observations taken on December 5, 1999 and May 17, 2000
Galaxies cluster 1E 0657 - 556 - Dark matter in the galaxy cluster 1E 0657 - 556 - Composite view of the galaxy cluster 1E 0657 - 556 visible and X-rays. The hot gas that surrounds this galaxy cluster, detects in X-rays by the Chandra satellite, is visible in pink on this image. The galaxy cluster, photographed by the Magellan telescope and the Hubble space telescope, appears in the background. By studying the mass of this cluster, astronomers were able to determine that most of this mass was concentrated not in the hot gas detected by Chandra but in the blue coloured areas here, suggesting the existence of dark matter. This composite image shows the galaxy cluster 1E 0657 - 556, also known as the “” bullet cluster.”” This cluster was formed after the collision of two large clusters of galaxies, the most energetic event known in the universe since the Big Bang. Hot gas detected by Chandra telescope in X - rays is seen as two pink clumps in the image and contains most of the “” normal,””” or baryonic, matter in the two clusters. The bullet - shaped clump on the right is the hot gas from one cluster, which passed through the hot gas from the other larger cluster during the collision. An optical image from Magellan and the Hubble Space Telescope shows the galaxies in orange and white. The blue areas in this image depict where astronomers find most of the mass in the clusters. The concentration of mass is determined by analyzing the effect of so - called gravitational lensing, where light from the distant objects is distorted by intervening matter. Most of the matter in the clusters (blue) is clearly separate from the normal matter (pink), giving direct evidence that nearly all of the matter in the clusters is dark
Black hole collision in NGC 6240 - Black holes colliding in NGC 6240 - The galaxy NGC 6240, is located about 400 million light years away from Earth in the constellation Ophiuchus. This system consists of two colliding galaxies each with a central black hole; in several millions of years, they will form only one galaxy. A composite X-ray image (red, orange and yellow) and visible from the space telescopes Chandra and Hubble. This image of NGC 6240 contains X - ray data from Chandra (shown in red, orange, and yellow) that has been combined with an optical image from the Hubble Space Telescope. In 2002, the discovery of two merging black holes was announced based on Chandra data in this galaxy. The two black holes are a mere 3,000 light years apart and are seen as the bright point - like sources in the middle of the image. Scientists think these black holes are in such close proximity because they are in the midst of spiraling toward each other - a process that began about 30 million years ago. It is estimated that the two black holes will eventually drift together and merge into a larger black hole some tens or hundreds of millions of years from now. NGC 6240 is a peculiar, butterfly - or lobster - shaped galaxy consisting of two smaller merging galaxies. It lies in the constellation of Ophiuchus, the Serpent Holder, some 400 million light - years away
Artist view of a magnetar - Magnetar - Artist view - Artist view of an eruption of X-rays and gamma from a magnetar, a neutron star endowed with a powerful magnetic field. Artist's concept of a burst of X - rays and gamma released by a magnetar, a neutron star with an extremely powerful magnetic field
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Satellite Integral - Illustration - Artist's view of the European satellite INTEGRAL (International Gamma - Ray Astrophysics Laboratory) observing a black hole. Integral (International Gamma - Ray Astrophysics Laboratory) is the first space observatory that can simultaneously observe objects in gamma rays, X - rays, and visible light. Its main targets are violent explosions known as gamma - ray bursts, powerful phenomena such as supernova explosions, and regions in the Universe thought to contain black holes. Launched on 17 October 2002 (Proton launcher from Baikonur, Kazakhstan)
Satellite Integral - Illustration - Artist's view of the European satellite INTEGRAL (International Gamma - Ray Astrophysics Laboratory) observing a black hole. Integral (International Gamma - Ray Astrophysics Laboratory) is the first space observatory that can simultaneously observe objects in gamma rays, X - rays, and visible light. Its main targets are violent explosions known as gamma - ray bursts, powerful phenomena such as supernova explosions, and regions in the Universe thought to contain black holes. Launched on 17 October 2002 (Proton launcher from Baikonur, Kazakhstan)
Satellite INTEGRAL - Artist's view - Satellite INTEGRAL. Artwork - Artist's view of the European satellite INTEGRAL (International Gamma - Ray Astrophysics Laboratory) in orbit around the Earth. Integral (International Gamma - Ray Astrophysics Laboratory) is the first space observatory that can simultaneously observe objects in gamma rays, X - rays, and visible light. Its main targets are violent explosions known as gamma - ray bursts, powerful phenomena such as supernova explosions, and regions in the Universe thought to contain black holes. Launched on 17 October 2002 (Proton launcher from Baikonur, Kazakhstan)
Satellite Integral - Illustration - Satellite INTEGRAL in Proton fairing. Artwork - Artist's view of the European satellite INTEGRAL (International Gamma - Ray Astrophysics Laboratory) during the opening of the cap of the Proton rocket. Integral (International Gamma - Ray Astrophysics Laboratory) is the first space observatory that can simultaneously observe objects in gamma rays, X - rays, and visible light. Its main targets are violent explosions known as gamma - ray bursts, powerful phenomena such as supernova explosions, and regions in the Universe thought to contain black holes. Launched on 17 October 2002 (Proton launcher from Baikonur, Kazakhstan)
Satellite Integral - Illustration - Satellite INTEGRAL in Proton fairing. Artwork - Artist's view of the European satellite INTEGRAL (International Gamma - Ray Astrophysics Laboratory) during the opening of the cap of the Proton rocket. Integral (International Gamma - Ray Astrophysics Laboratory) is the first space observatory that can simultaneously observe objects in gamma rays, X - rays, and visible light. Its main targets are violent explosions known as gamma - ray bursts, powerful phenomena such as supernova explosions, and regions in the Universe thought to contain black holes. Launched on 17 October 2002 (Proton launcher from Baikonur, Kazakhstan)
Ether : range of average vibrations for sound, electricite, heat, light and x-rays. 1925 (print)
Sirius A and Sirius B in the Big Dog - Sirius A and Sirius B seen in X - ray - Sirius A and Sirius B in the Big Dog seen in X-ray by the Chandra telescope. The brightest source on this image is Sirius B, a white dwarf star whose surface, heated at a temperature of 25,000 degres, emits huge X-rays. The other point is Sirius A, the brightest star in the sky in visible light, but practically non-existent in this wavelength. An X - ray image of the Sirius star system located 8.6 light years from Earth. This image shows two sources and a spike - like pattern due to the support structure for the transmission grating. The bright source is Sirius B, a white dwarf star that has a surface temperature of about 25,000 degrees Celsius which produces very low energy X - rays. The dim source at the position of Sirius A, a normal star more than twice as massive as the Sun, may be due to ultraviolet radiation from Sirius A leaking through the filter on the detector. In contrast, Sirius A is the brightest star in the northern sky when viewed with an optical telescope, while Sirius B is 10,000 times dimmer. Because the two stars are so close together Sirius B escaped detection until 1862 when Alvan Clark discovered it while testing one of the best optical telescopes in the world at that time. The white dwarf, Sirius B, has a mass equal to the mass of the Sun, packed into a diameter that is 90% that of the Earth. The gravity on the surface of Sirius B is 400,000 times that of Earth
Kepler is the rest of a supernova that exploded about 400 years ago located about 13,000 light years from Earth in the constellation Ophiuchus. The X-ray image obtained by the Chandra space telescope highlights areas where the gas reaches the highest temperatures (in dark blue) - Kepler's supernova remnant, first seen 400 years ago by sky watchers, including famous astronomer Johannes Kepler. The Chandra X-ray data show regions of very hot gas, and extremely high-energy particles. Kepler's supernova, the last such object seen to explode in our Milky Way galaxy, resides about 13,000 light-years away in the constellation Ophiuchus. The Chandra observations were taken in June 2000: Remains of the supernova Kepler in Ophiuchus - Kepler's supernova remnant
Galaxy of Andromede (M31) viewed in X by XMM - XMM - Newton X view of the Andromeda galaxy - Andromede spiral galaxy seen in X-ray by the XMM space telescope - Newton in December 2010. This image of the Andromeda Galaxy was taken by XMM - Newton during Christmas 2010. It shows hundreds of X - ray sources within Andromeda, many of them clustered around the center, where the stars are densest. Each one is a dying star system. The sources can be shockwaves and debris rolling through space from exploded stars or pairs of stars locked in a gravitational fight to the death, in which one strips the other of precious gas
Supernova Remnants SNR B0509 - 67.5 - Supernova Remnant SNR B0509 - 67.5 - SNR B0509 - 67.5 (or SNR 0509) is the rest of a star explosion in the galaxy of the Great Magellan Cloud. This 23-year bubble - light of diameter extends at a speed of 18 million km/h. A composite of visible images and X-rays obtained by the Hubble Space Telescope (HST) in 2006 and 2010 and by the Chandra satellite. This delicate shell, photographed by the NASA/ESA Hubble Space Telescope, appears to float serenely in the depths of space, but this apparent calm hides an inner turmoil. The gaseous envelope formed as the expanding blast wave and ejected material from a supernova tore through the nearby interstellar medium. Called SNR B0509 - 67.5 (or SNR 0509 for short), the bubble is the visible remnant of a powerful stellar explosion in the Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC), a small galaxy about 160,000 light - years from Earth. Ripples in the shell's surface may be caused either by subtle variations in the density of the ambient interstellar gas, or possibly be driven from the interior by fragments from the initial explosion. The bubble - shaped shroud of gas is 23 light - years across and is expanding at more than 18 million km/h. Hubble's Advanced Camera for Surveys observed the supernova remnant on 28 October 2006 with a filter that isolates light from the glowing hydrogen seen in the expanding shell. These observations were then combined with visible - light images of the surrounding star field that were imaged with Hubble's Wide Field Camera 3 on 4 November 2010, and archival X - ray observations taken by Nasa's Chandra X - ray Observatory
Remains of supernova SN 1006 - Supernova remnant SN 1006 - Remains of supernova SN 1006 located 7000 years ago - light in the constellation Wolf. This supernova that appeared in 1006 is the result of a white dwarf star that absorbs the matter of a companion star became unstable and eventually exploded. This image is a composite of X-ray images obtained by the Chandra telescope (blue), by Cerro Tololo's 90 cm telescope (yellow) and by the Digitized Sky Survey (orange and light blue), and by the VLA and the Green Bank's telescope radio (red). Just over a thousand years ago, the stellar explosion known as supernova SN 1006 was observed. It was brighter than Venus, and visible during the day for weeks. The brightest supernova ever recorded on Earth, this spectacular light show was documented in China, Japan, Europe, and the Arab world. Astronomers now understand that SN 1006 was caused by a white dwarf star that captured mass from a companion star until the white dwarf became unstable and exploded. Recent observations of the remnant of SN 1006 reveal the liberation of elements such as iron that were previously locked up inside the star. Because no material falls back into a neutron star or black hole after this type of supernova explosion, the liberation of this star's contents is complete. This is a composite image of the SN 1006 supernova remnant, which is located about 7000 light years from Earth. Shown here are X - ray data from Nasa's Chandra X - ray Observatory (blue), optical data from the University of Michigan's 0.9 meter Curtis Schmidt telescope at the NSF's Cerro Tololo Inter - American Observatory (CTIO; yellow) and the Digitized Sky Survey (orange and light blue), plus radio data from the NRAO's Very Large Array and Green Bank Telescope (VLA/GB/GBV T ; red)
Black Holes in 3C75 - Black Holes in 3C75 - Composite X-ray image (blue) and radio (pink) of the active galaxy 3C 75. At the center of this very hot gas mass, two supermassive black holes separated by 25,000 years - light form a binary system of black holes (the two bright points). This composite X - ray/radio image of Abell 400 shows radio jets (pink), immersed in a vast cloud of multimillion degree X - ray emitting gas (blue) that pervades the cluster. The jets emanate from the vicinity of two supermassive black holes (bright spots in the image) in the galaxy. Chandra and radio data confirm that the unusual structure is due to the merger of two large galaxies, whose supermassive black holes are bound together by their mutual gravity. The swept - back appearance of the radio jets is produced by the rapid motion of the galaxy through the hot gas of the cluster, in much the same way that a motorcyclist's scarf is swept back while speeding down the road
Pulsar of Crab in Taurus seen in X - The Crab nebula pulsar - Pulsar of Crab in Taurus seen in X by satellite Chandra. The pulsar is the white dot in the center of the image. This neutron star generates a powerful magnetic field creating material jets at the poles, as well as a strong stellar wind. This image gives the first clear view of the faint boundary of the Crab Nebula's X - ray - emitting pulsar wind nebula. The nebula is powered by a rapidly rotating, highly magnetized neutron star, or pulsar (white dot near the center). The combination of rapid rotating and strong magnetic field generates an intense electromagnetic field that creates jets of matter and anti - matter moving away from the north and south poles of the pulsar, and an intense wind flowing out in the equatorial direction. The inner X - ray ring is thought to be a shock wave that marks the boundary between the surrounding nebula and the flow of matter and antimatter particles from the pulsar. Energetic electrons and positrons (antielectrons) move outward from this ring to brighten the outer ring and produce an extended X - ray glow. The fingers, loops, and bays in the image all indicate that the magnetic field of the nebula and filaments of cooler matter are controlling the motion of the electrons and positrons. The particles can move rapidly along the magnetic field and travel several light years before radiating away their energy. In contrast, they move much more slowly perpendicular to the magnetic field, and travel only a short distance before losing their energy. This effect can explain the long, thin, fingers and loops, as well as the sharp boundaries of the bays. The conspicuous dark bays on the lower right and left are likely due to the effects of a toroidal magnetic field that is a relic of the progenitor star. Image taken by Chandra X - ray telescope
Elliptical Galaxy M60 in Virgo - Elliptical galaxy M60 in Virgo - M60 (NGC 4649) is an elliptical galaxy of type E2 located about 51 million years ago - light from Earth in the Virgin's cluster. This image is a composite of X-ray images (purple) obtained by the Chandra Space Telescope, and visible (blue) by the Hubble Space Telescope. This galaxy houses a supermassive black hole. Elliptical galaxy M60 (NGC 4649) located about 51 million light - years away in the Virgo cluster of galaxies. This image is a composite of X - ray image (in purple) taken by Chandra space telescope and optical image (blue) taken by Hubble space telescope. NGC 4649 contains one of the biggest black hole of our local universe
Planetary nebula NGC 6543 in the Dragon - Planetary nebula NGC 6543 in Draco - Composite view of the planetary nebula NGC 6543 in the Dragon obtained by the Hubble space telescope and X-ray (blue) by the Chandra satellite. NGC 6543 is located about 3000 years of light from Earth. This composite of data from Nasa's Chandra X - ray Observatory and Hubble Space Telescope is a new look for NGC 6543, better known as the Cat's Eye nebula. This famous object is a so - called planetary nebula that represents a phase of stellar evolution that the Sun should experience several billion years from now. When a star like the Sun begins to run out of fuel, it becomes what is known as a red giant. In this phase, a star sheds some of its outer layers, eventually leaving behind a hot core that collapses to form a dense white dwarf star. A fast wind emanating from the hot core rams into the ejected atmosphere, pushes it outward, and creates the graceful filamentary structures seen with optical telescopes. Chandra's X - ray data (colored in blue) of NGC 6543 shows that its central star is surrounded by a cloud of multi - million - degree gas. By comparing where the X - rays lie in relation to the structures seen in optical light by Hubble (red and purple), astronomers were able to deduce that the chemical abundances in the region of hot gas were like those in the wind from the central star and different from the outer cooler material. In the case of the Cat's Eye, material shed by the star is flying away at a speed of about 4 million miles per hour. The star itself is expected to collapse to become a white dwarf star in a few million years
Galaxy M82 in the Great Bear seen in X-rays - The galaxy M82 seen in X-ray - Image obtained by Chandra in X-rays, reveals a cloud (in red) of very hot gas of several million degres emitted from the central regions of the galaxy. M82 is an irregular galaxy distant about 12 million years - light from Earth. Its nucleus, which appears to have suffered from the passage of the neighbouring galaxy M81, is in a phase of violent star activity. Its central regions are rich in star formation. These hot stars blow a stellar wind that becomes a very violent galactic wind. Chandra's X - ray image reveals gas that has been heated to millions of degrees by the violent outflow of matter blasting out of the galaxy. The eruption can be traced back to the central regions of the galaxy where stars are forming at a furious rate, some 10 times faster than in the Milky Way Galaxy. Many of these newly formed stars are very massive and race through their evolution to explode as supernovas. Vigorous mass loss from these stars before they explode, and the heat generated by the supernovas drive the gas out of the galaxy at millions of miles per hour. It is thought that the expulsion of matter from a galaxy during bursts of star formation is one of the main ways of spreading elements like carbon and oxygen throughout the universe
Galaxy of Hunting Dogs (M51) seen in X - The Whirlpool Galaxy seen in X - ray - The spiral galaxy M51 (NGC 5194) is located about 31 million years ago - light from Earth. This galaxy is double; two galaxies interact: the largest, NGC 5194, the smallest NGC 5195. X-ray image obtained by the Chandra space telescope on June 20, 2000. The Whirlpool Galaxy lies approximately 31 million light years from earth. This spectacular galaxy is paired with a smaller, more distant companion whose matter is being disrupted by the larger spiral in a gravitational tug of war. Eventually, the shape of both will be altered over many more millions of years. Image taken in X - ray by the Chandra space telescope on June 20, 2000
Red Dwarf Star Proxima of Centauri - Proxima Centauri in X - Ray - Proxima of Centaur (in the center of the image) is the closest star to the Sun, at a distance of 4.2 years - light. It belongs to the triple Alpha star system of the Centaurus being the least bright star of this system; it is a red dwarf star. X-ray image obtained by the Chandra space telescope. Chandra and XMM - Newton observations of the red dwarf star Proxima Centauri have shown that its surface is in a state of turmoil. Flares, or explosive outbursts, occur almost continually. This behavior can be traced to Proxima Centauri's low mass, about a tenth that of the Sun. In the cores of low mass stars, nuclear fusion reactions that convert hydrogen to helium proceed very slowly, and create a turbulent, convective motion throughout their interiors. This motion stores up magnetic energy which is often released explosively in the star's upper atmosphere where it produces flares in X - rays and other forms of light. The same process produces X - rays on the Sun, but the magnetic energy is released in a less explosive manner through heating loops of gas, with occasional flares. The difference is due to the size of the convection zone, which in a more massive star such as the Sun, is smaller and closer to its surface. Red dwarfs are the most common type of star. They have masses between about 8% and 50% of the mass of the Sun. Though they are much dimmer than the Sun, they will shine for much longer - trillions of years in the case of Proxima Centauri, compared to the estimated 10 billion - year lifetime of the Sun. X - rays from Proxima Centauri are consistent with a point - like source. The extended X - ray glow is an instrumental effect. The nature of the two dots above the image is unknown - they could be background sources
X-ray of a hand, a nail plant in the wrist - skeleton - accident - pain - X-ray -
Chandra Space Telescope - Artist View - Chandra X - Ray Observatory - View of the Chandra Telescope in orbit around Earth. The Chandra space telescope observes the universe in X-ray; it was launched and put into orbit in July 1999. Nasa's Chandra X - ray Observatory as it may appear at about 50,000 miles from the Earth, almost twice as high as Earth - orbiting geosynchronous satellites. Named after the Indian astrophysicist Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar, the Chandra X - ray Observatory is the world's most powerful X - ray telescope, and at a weight of over 5 tons (10 tons including the detachable booster rocket) was the heaviest payload ever delivered into orbit by the Space Shuttle. Chandra was carried into space by Columbia in July 1999. Originally designed for a 5 year mission dedicated to observing distant celestial objects in the X - ray spectrum, Chandra has been observing for over three times that long and is still going strong. In this image the Chandra X - ray Observatory reveals its objective “” lens”” which focuses high - energy X - ray photons by means of four layers of long nested metal mirrors oriented obliquely to the X - ray source. These mirrors constitute most of the length of Chandra's 45 - foot - long tapered tube shape with science instruments capping far end for analyzing the focused X - rays. In this image the concentric rings at the near end of the telescope are the opening through which the X - rays enter the mirror assembly. The Chandra X - ray Observatory is 45 feet long with a solar panel “” wingspan””” of 64 feet
The elliptical galaxy M84 - The elliptical galaxy M84 - The M84 galaxy (NGC 4374) is 55 million light years away from Earth, in the Virgin's cluster. This image is a composite obtained in X-rays (blue), radio (red) and visible (yellow and white). Gas material is ejected from the heart of the galaxy. A supermassive black hole would have caused this jet. This composite image shows M84, a massive elliptical galaxy in the Virgo Cluster, about 55 million light years from Earth. Hot gas around M84 is shown in a Chandra X - ray Observatory image in blue and a radio image from the Very Large Array is shown in red. A background image from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey is shown in yellow and white. A number of bubbles are visible in the hot gas, outlined with blue X - ray emission. These bubbles were blown by relativistic particles generated by the central supermassive black hole in M84. These particles travel outwards in the form of a two - sided jet. Because smaller bubbles are found inside large bubbles, the impression given by the image is that of Russian dolls, where smaller dolls can be found inside large ones. These nested bubbles provide clear evidence for repeated outbursts from the central black hole
Active galaxy NGC 1068 in the Whale - Composite X - visible - Active galaxy NGC 1068 seen in visible and X - ray - This visible X composite image shows that a strong stellar wind escapes from the heart of the galaxy NGC 1068. This active galaxy houses a massive black hole and is the object of intense star formation in its spiral arms. NGC 1068 stands at about 50 million years - light. Image obtained by the Chandra satellite in December 2000. This composite X - ray (blue and green) and optical (red) image of the active galaxy, NGC 1068, shows gas blowing away in a high - speed wind from the vicinity of a central supermassive black hole. Regions of intense star formation in the inner spiral arms of the galaxy are highlighted by both optical and X - ray emission
Galaxy Centaurus A (NGC 5128) x-ray view - radio - visible - Galaxy Centaurus A in different wavelengths - false-coloured view of the 30,000-year long jet - light escaping from the nucleus of the Centaurus A galaxy where a massive black hole is suspected. On this composite image obtained in X, radio, and visible, two large X-emission arcs surround this jet over a diameter of 25,000 years - light. These hot arcs could be the result of a gigantic explosion that occurred 10 million years ago in the nucleus of the galaxy. The galaxy NGC 5128 is located about 13 million light years away from Earth. A composite X - ray (blue), radio (pink and green), and optical (orange and yellow) image of the galaxy Centaurus A presents a stunning view of a galaxy in turmoil. A broad band of dust and cold gas is bisected at an angle by opposing jets of high - energy particles blasting away from the supermassive black hole in the nucleus. Two large arcs of X - ray emitting hot gas were discovered in the outskirts of the galaxy on a plane perpendicular to the jets. The arcs of multimillion degree gas appear to be part of a projected ring 25,000 light years in diameter. The size and location of the ring indicate that it may have been produced in a titanic explosion that occurred about ten million years ago
Visible Crab Nebula - Infrared and X - The Crab Nebula - M1, the Crab Nebula, is the rest of a supernova that exploded on July 4, 1054. It is located about 7000 light years from Earth in the constellation Taurus. At the heart of this nebula is a pulsar. To obtain this photo, three spatial observatories combined their observations: the Hubble telescope for the visible part (here in red and yellow), the Chandra telescope for the X-ray data (blue) and the Spitzer telescope for the infrared image (purple). The pulsar is the bright spot in the center of the image. The Crab Nebula (M1) is a supernova remnant at about 7,000 light - year from Earth in the constellation Taurus. The star explosion occured on July 04 1054. At the center of this nebula lies a pulsar. This composite image uses data from three of Nasa's Great Observatories. The Chandra X - ray image is shown in blue, the Hubble Space Telescope optical images are in red and yellow, and the Spitzer Space Telescope's infrared image is in purple
Crab Nebula seen in different wavelength - The Crab Nebula in multi wavelength: M1, the Crab Nebula, is the rest of a supernova that exploded on July 4, 1054. It is located about 6500 light years from Earth in the constellation Taurus. At the heart of this nebula is a pulsar. To obtain this photo, different observatories and telescopes combined their observations; the VLA provided the radio image (in red), the Spitzer telescope the infrared image (in yellow), the Hubble telescope for the visible part (here in green), XMM-Newton the ultraviolet image (in blue) and the Chandra telescope for X-ray data (purple). The pulsar is the bright spot in the center of the image. The unusual image was produced by combining data from telescopes spanning almost the entire electromagnetic spectrum, from radio waves to X-rays. The Karl G. Jansky Very Large Array (VLA) provided information about the nebula gathered in the radio regime (colored in red). Nasa's Spitzer Space Telescope took images in the infrared (yellow). The NASA/ESA Hubble Space Telescope provided the images made in optical wavelengths (colored in green). ESA's XMM-Newton telescope observed the Crab Nebula in the ultraviolet (blue) and Nasa's Chandra X-ray Observatory provided the data for X-ray radiation (purple). The Crab Nebula, located 6500 light-years from Earth in the constellation of Taurus, is the result of a supernova explosion which was observed by Chinese and other astronomers in 1054. At its centre is a pulsar: a super-dense neutron star, spinning once every 33 milliseconds, shooting out rotating light-like beams of radio waves and visible light. Surrounding the pulsar lies a mix of material; some of it was originally expelled from the star before it went supernova, and the rest was ejected during the explosion itself. Fast-moving winds of particles fly off from the neutron star, energising the dust and gas around it.
Centaurus A elliptical galaxy (NGC 5128) in the Centaurus - Galaxy Centaurus A (NGC 5128) - The galaxy NGC 5128 is located about 13 million years away from Earth. This composite image reveals the lobes and jets that escape from the center of this active galaxy, or replaces a black hole. To produce this image, three instruments observing in different wavelengths were used; in orange, the data obtained by the APEX submillimetre telescope, in blue the X-ray image obtained by the Chandra space telescope, in visible, the image obtained by the 2,2m MPG telescope of La Silla in Chile. Colour composite image of Centaurus A, revealing the lobes and jets emanating from the active galaxy's central black hole. This is a composite of images obtained with three instruments, operating at very different wavelengths. The 870 - micron submillimetre data, from LABOCA on APEX, are shown in orange. X - ray data from the Chandra X - ray Observatory are shown in blue. Visible light data from the Wide Field Imager (WFI) on the MPG/ESO 2.2 m telescope located at La Silla, Chile, show the background stars and the galaxy's characteristic dust lane in close to “” true colour””
M87 elliptical galaxy in Virgo - M87 elliptical galaxy in Virgo - The M87 galaxy (NGC 4486) is 54 million years ago - light from Earth, in the heart of the Virgin's cluster. This image is a composite obtained in X-rays, radio and visible. Gas material is ejected from the heart of the galaxy. A supermassive black hole would have caused this jet. This image is a composite of visible (or optical), radio, and X - ray data of the giant elliptical galaxy, M87. M87 lies at a distance of 54 million light years and is the largest galaxy in the Virgo cluster of galaxies. Bright jets moving at close to the speed of light are seen at all wavelengths coming from the massive black hole at the center of the galaxy. It has also been identified with the strong radio source, Virgo A, and is a powerful source of X - rays as it resides near the center of a hot, X - ray emitting cloud that extends over much of the Virgo cluster. The extended radio emission consists of plumes of fast - moving gas from the jets rising into the X - ray emitting cluster medium. Chandra X - ray image in X - rays, M87 also reveals evidence for a series of outbursts from the central supermassive black hole. The loops and bubbles in the hot, X - ray emitting gas are relics of small outbursts from close to the black hole. Other interesting features in M87 are narrow filaments of X - ray emission, which may be due to hot gas trapped by magnetic fields. One of these filaments is over 100,000 light years long, and extends below and to the right of the center of M87 in almost a straight line. The optical data of M87 were obtained with Hubble's Advanced Camera for Surveys in visible and infrared filters
X-rays: X-ray apparatus. 1925 (print)
Galactic centre region seen in X - Center of our galaxy in X Ray - Region of the centre of our galaxy seen in X-ray by the Chandra satellite. In the center of the image (white area), Sagittarius A*, the gas cloud surrounding a supermassive black hole. Mosaic of 88 images obtained between 2000 and 2007. This spectacular mosaic of Chandra images reveals hundreds of white dwarf stars, neutron stars, and black holes bathed in an incandescent fog of multimillion degree gas. A supermassive black hole, Sagittarius A*, residing at the center of our Galaxy is located inside the bright white patch in the middle of the image. This image combines low energy X-rays (colored red), intermediate energy X-rays (green) and high energy X-rays (blue). Mosaic of 88 images
Nebula NGC 604 in the galaxy M33 - NGC 604 star forming nebula - NGC 604, is a very large star-forming region located in the galaxy M33 of the Triangle. This image is a composite of X-ray images (blue) obtained by the Chandra Space Telescope and visible (green and red) by the Hubble Space Telescope. The study of very hot gas observed in X-ray allows us to better understand the star formation activity within this nebula. NGC 604, is one of the largest known seething cauldrons of star birth in a nearby galaxy. NGC 604 is similar to familiar star - birth regions in our Milky Way galaxy, such as the Orion Nebula, but it is vastly larger in extent and contains many more recently formed stars. This monstrous star - birth region contains more than 200 brilliant blue stars within a cloud of glowing gases some 1,300 light - years across, nearly 100 times the size of the Orion Nebula. The bright stars in NGC 604 are extremely young having formed a mere 3 million years ago. The most massive stars in NGC 604 exceed 120 times the mass of our Sun, and their surface temperatures are as hot as 72,000 degrees Fahrenheit (40,000 Kelvin). Ultraviolet radiation floods out from these hot stars, making the surrounding nebular gas fluoresce. NGC 604 lies in a spiral arm of the nearby galaxy M33, located about 2.7 million light - years away in the direction of the constellation Triangulum. The image is a composite of images taken in X - ray (in blue) by Chandra X - Ray observatory and in optical (red and green) by the Hubble space telescope. It shows a divided neighborhood where some 200 hot, young, massive stars reside. Bubbles in the cooler gas and dust have been generated by powerful stellar winds, which are then filled with hot, X - ray emitting gas. Scientists find the amount of hot gas detected in the bubbles on the right side corresponds to the amount entirely powered by winds from the 200 hot massive stars. The situation is different on th
Galaxy M82 view in different wavelength - Galaxy M82 in multi - wavelength - Composite of different images: in blue the image obtained by Chandra in X-rays, in red the infrared image obtained by Spitzer, in yellow, orange, green, the image of Hubble. M82 is an irregular galaxy distant about 12 million years - light from Earth. Its nucleus, which appears to have suffered from the passage of the neighbouring galaxy M81, is in a phase of violent star activity. Its central regions are rich in star formation. These hot stars blow a stellar wind that becomes a very violent galactic wind. Composite of multi - wavelength images of the active galaxy M82 from the three Great Observatories. X - ray data recorded by Chandra appears here in blue; infrared light recorded by Spitzer appears in red; Hubble's observations of hydrogen emission appears in orange, and the bluest visible light appears in yellow - green. Another Hubble observation designed to image 10,000 degree Celsius hydrogen gas (orange) reveals a startlingly different picture of matter blasting out of the galaxy. The Spitzer Space Telescope infrared image (red) shows that cool gas and dust are also being ejected. Chandra's X - ray image (blue) reveals gas that has been heated to millions of degrees by the violent outflow. The eruption can be traced back to the central regions of the galaxy where stars are forming at a furious rate, some 10 times faster than in the Milky Way Galaxy. The burst of star formation in M82 is thought to have been initiated by shock waves generated in a close encounter with a large nearby galaxy, M81, about 100 million years ago. These shock waves triggered the collapse of giant clouds of dust and gas in M82. In another 100 million years or so, most of the gas and dust will have been used to form stars, or blown out of the galaxy, so the starburst will subside
Nebula NGC 281 in Cassiopee - Nebula NGC 281 in Cassiopeia - NGC 281 is a star-forming region about 10,000 light years away from Earth in the constellation Cassiopee. At the center of this nebula is the cluster of stars IC 1590 whose stars are only a few million years old. A composite of X-ray images obtained by the Chandra Space Telescope in purple and infrared by Spitzer in red green and blue. High - mass stars are important because they are responsible for much of the energy pumped into our galaxy over its lifetime. Unfortunately, these stars are poorly understood because they are often found relatively far away and can be obscured by gas and dust. The star cluster NGC 281 is an exception to this rule. It is located about 6,500 light years from Earth and, remarkably, almost 1,000 light years above the plane of the galaxy, giving astronomers a nearly unfettered view of the star formation within IT.This composite image of NGC 281 contains X - ray data from Chandra, in purple, with infrared observations from Spitzer, in red, green, blue. The high - mass stars in NGC 281 drive many aspects of their galactic environment through powerful winds flowing from their surfaces and intense radiation that creates charged particles by stripping electrons off atoms. The eventual deaths of massive stars as supernovas will also seed the galaxy with material and energy. NGC 281 is known informally as the “” Pacman Nebula”” because of its appearance in optical images. In optical images the “” mouth”” of the Pacman character appears dark because of obscuration by dust and gas, but in the infrared Spitzer image the dust in this region glows brightly. NGC 281 is typically divided into two subregions: the region in the upper middle of the image, which is surrounded by the purple 10 - million - degree gas, and a younger region in the lower part of the image. There is evidence that the formation of a cluster, appearing in a beige cl
William Conrad Rontgen (Roentgen) (1752-1794) Demonstrates X-rays
X-rays: use of X-ray to see through objects and bodies. 1925 (print)
Active Galaxy NGC 1068 in the Whale - Active galaxy NGC 1068 - This composite image shows that a strong stellar wind escapes from the heart of the galaxy NGC 1068 or resides a massive black hole. NGC 1068 is located about 50 million light years away from Earth. Images obtained in X-ray by the Chandra satellite (red), visible by the Hubble space telescope (green) and radio waves (blue). This is a composite image of NGC 1068, one of the nearest and brightest galaxies containing a rapidly growing supermassive black hole. X - ray data from the Chandra X - ray Observatory are shown in red, optical data from the Hubble Space Telescope in green and radio data from the Very Large Array in blue. The spiral structure of NGC 1068 is shown by the X - ray and optical data, and a jet powered by the central supermassive black hole is shown by the radio data. The X - ray images and spectra obtained using Chandra's High Energy Transmission Grating Spectrometer show that a strong wind is being driven away from the center of NGC 1068 at a rate of about a million miles per hour. This wind is likely generated as surrounding gas is accelerated and heated as it swirls toward the black hole. A portion of the gas is pulled into the black hole, but some of it is blown away. High energy X - rays produced by the gas near the black hole heat the ouflowing gas, causing it to glow at lower X - ray energies. NGC 1068 is located about 50 million light years from Earth and contains a supermassive black hole about twice as massive as the one in the middle of the Milky Way Galaxy
X-rays: radioscopy of a human body. 1925 (print)
The heart of Stol and Rutt on X-Rays - in "La Vie au Grand Air" from 20/04/1912
X-ray skull Photography
Ether : X-rays discovered by the German physicist Wilhem Conrad Roentgen or Rontgen. 1925 (print)
X-ray human skull.
Artist view of a magnetar - Magnetar - Artist view - Artist view of an eruption of X-rays and gamma from a magnetar, a neutron star endowed with a powerful magnetic field. Artist's concept of a burst of X - rays and gamma released by a magnetar, a neutron star with an extremely powerful magnetic field
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Skeleton (Skull) Skull in negative. Photography
The Gamma ray sky - The Gamma ray sky - Map of the whole sky seen in gamma rays by the Fermi Gamma-Ray Space Telescope (FGST) satellite from August 4 to October 30, 2008. The strongest sources of gamma radiation are legendeed here. All-sky image seen in gamma ray showing the glowing gas of the Milky Way, blinking pulsars, and galaxies billions of light-years away. The all-sky image released today shows us how the cosmos would look if our eyes could detect radiation 150 million times more energetic than visible light. The view merges Large Area Telescope (LAT) on Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope (FGST) observations spanning 87 days, from August 4 to October 30, 2008. The top five sources within our galaxy are: The sun. Now near the minimum of its activity cycle, the sun would not be a particularly notable source except for one thing: It's the only one that moves across the sky. The sun's annual motion against the background sky is a reflection of Earth's orbit around the sun. LSI+61 303. This is a high-mass X-ray binary located 6,500 light-years away in Cassiopeia. This unusual system contains a hot B-type star and a neutron star and produces radio outbursts that recur every 26.5 days. Astronomers cannot yet account for the energy that powers these emissions. PSR J1836+5925. This is a pulsar - a type of spinning neutron star that emits beams of radiation - located in the constellation Draco. It's one of the new breed of pulsars discovered by Fermi that pulse only in gamma rays. 47 Tucanae. Also known as NGC 104, this is a sphere of ancient stars called a globular cluster. It lies 15,000 light-years away in the southern constellation Tucana. Unidentified. More than 30 of the brightest gamma-ray sources Fermi sees have no obvious counterparts at other wavelengths. This one, designated 0FGL J1813.5-1248, was not seen by previous missions, and Fermi's LAT sees it as variable. The source lies near the plane of the Milky Way in the constellation Serpens Cauda. A
X-rays from Sirius B, 6 October 2000
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Elliptical galaxy NGC 1132 and distant galaxies - Elliptical galaxy NGC 1132 and distant galaxies - The galaxy NGC 1132 is about 320 million years - light from Earth in the constellation Eridan. This giant elliptical galaxy is surrounded by a vast halo of dark matter; it and the dwarf galaxies surrounding it are probably the rest of a larger group of galaxies that have merged over time. In the background, many more distant galaxies are visible. Composite of images obtained by the Hubble Space Telescope in 2005 and 2006. The elliptical galaxy NGC 1132, seen in this image from Hubble space telescope, belongs to a category of galaxies called giant ellipticals. NGC 1132, together with the small dwarf galaxies surrounding it, are dubbed a fossil group” as they are most likely the remains of a group of galaxies that merged together in the recent past. In visible light NGC 1132 appears as a single, isolated, giant elliptical galaxy, but this is only the tip of the iceberg. Scientists have found that NGC 1132 resides in an enormous halo of dark matter, comparable to the amount of dark matter usually found in an entire group of tens or hundreds of galaxies. It also has a strong X - ray glow from an abundant amount of hot gas - an amount normally only found in galaxy groups. Its X - ray glow extends over a region of space ten times larger than the 120,000 light - year radius it has in visible light. An X - ray glow that is equal in size to that of an entire group of galaxies. In this Hubble image, NGC 1132 is seen surrounded by thousands of ancient globular clusters, swarming around the galaxy like bees around a hive. These globular clusters are likely to be the survivors of the disruption of their cannibalised parent galaxies that have been eaten by NGC 1132 and may reveal its merger history. In the background, there is a stunning tapestry of numerous galaxies that are much further away. NGC 1132 is locate
Valdemar Poulsen, Danish electrical engineer, c 1920s
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Valdemar Poulsen, Danish electrical engineer, c 1920-1929
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Newton's 'Principia' ÔLet PQR be a spiral that cuts all the radii
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